Growth hormone (GH) is a crucial mitogenic growth factor produced, stored, and released by somatotropic cells in the anterior pituitary gland. GH plays a key role in stimulating growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration. In children, a deficiency of GH can lead to short stature, growth failure, and delayed sexual development. In adults, GH deficiency results in reduced lean body mass, increased fat accumulation, decreased muscle strength, and ultimately premature mortality. GH replacement therapy is used to treat various growth disorders, such as Turner syndrome, chronic renal failure, and Prader–Willi syndrome.